Winnicott
Already Ren Spitz (1945), through its research in an orphanage, (apud BRUM and SCHERMANN, 2004) observed that exactly the babies being fed and dresses, however receiving affection from the parents, wronged were not the development of these. Erikson (1998), exactly partilhando of some aspects of the theory of Freud, approaches the great importance of the initial years for the development, not giving to emphasis to the instincts and impulses, and yes, to the sense of identity of the interaction of the citizen with its environment, presenting eight different periods of training. It says that in the first period of training, the behavior of the main supplier of cares (comumente, the mother) it is basic to the establishment, for the child, of basic a reliable sense. But so that this occurs, the necessary mother to love with consistency and to react in previsible and confident way stops with the baby.
In case that contrary, such babies can develop diffidence. Already Winnicott (1963), also psychoanalytic as the previous ones, teaches that the emotional development passes of the dependence to independence, considering three categories: absolute dependence, relative dependence and relative autonomy. For this author, it is in the phase of absolute dependence that the mother develops the primary concern materna, understanding the baby and identifying its necessities. Bowlby (1969), English and theoretical psychoanalyst of the relations you object, from the idea of the importance of the first relations, formulated the theory of the attachment, describing the relations of the baby with its mother or cuidador since the birth until the six years of age, showing importance of the bond of the child with the mother, who stops it, is about attachment. Still it comments that, throughout the development, the child starts to disclose a behavior of attachment easily observed, demonstrating the formation of an affective relation with the main figures of this environment.